Automatic mechanically-operated oil burner



M rch 15 .1927. 1,621,447

. a M. A. WILLIAMS AUTOMATIC MEGHANICALLY OPERATED OIL BURNER v FiledMay 5. 1925 2 Sheets-Shea} 1 2 Sheetsdheet 2 M. A. WILLIAMS AUTOMATICMECHANICALLY OPERATED OIL BURNER Filed May 5. 1925 March 9 M V QWMMQOPatented Mar. 15, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT MERRITT A'c'rGUsrUs WILLIAMS, or" NORFOLK, vmernin.

AUTOMATIC MECHANICALLY-OPERATED OIL BURNER. A

Application filed. May 5,

. to properlyburn cheap oil, at the same time will appear in thedescription and claims this invention provides means for maintaining aproper temperature thereby preventing overheatingof the oil.

'Another object of this invention is to provide an oil burner which maybe easily adapted to various types of grates and fire boxes incombustion chambers. Under ordinary conditions this invention may beembodied in three special designs which are named vfor convenience,rectangular, horizontal' and perpendicular types their objects asfollows:

. In the drawings,

Fig. 1, represents a sectional, vertical elevation view of thesolidburner nozzle showing the, air, oil and spray ducts in section.This view. is of the vertical type.

Fig; 2, designates a plan View in section of the burner nozzle taken online 2-2 of Fig 1. I

Fig. 3, isa sectional plan View taken at line 3-3 of Fig.1. 7 n

Fig. 4, illustrates a section plan view taken at line 4- of Fig. 1.

Fig.5, represents a sectional end View of a burner nozzle taken at line5-5 of Fig; 6.

This view represents a modification in form ofFigzL'. Fig. 6, representsa side view of a burner slightly modified in form over Fig. 1. igs; 7,8, 9 and 10. illustrate views of a burner nozzle of a slightlymodifiediform over'Fig. 1. g These burners may be called the rectangulartype, having air ducts 2 and oil ducts 3 so arranged that, leading fromthe .air duct 2 is an air spray tube 5 extendingto the-oil spray opening6;

Numeral 1 designates the solid metal body of the oil burner nozzleadapted for various types of combustion chambers hav- 1925. Serial No.28,145.

ing an .air duct 2, near the top ofthe body, the air duct 2, beingabouteight times-the cross, section of the oil duct .3 which is locatedbetween the air duct 2, and the base of the burner body 1. Leading fromthe air duct 2 is an air spray tube shaving anextension '5 ieading tothe oil spray opening .6. 'Numeral 7 represents a ductin -the body 1adapted as an over-flow ior'the oil, the over-flow being caught in therecep tacle and support located at convenient points near the burner. Asan auxiliary means for keeping a constant temperature on the burner,body 1, the gas pilot 8 is adapted for use, either by extending the gasline through an opening-9 in the burner body 1, and suitably fasteningthe line therein to avoid leakage of oil as at 10 or v V 11, orby anyother means adapted to make use of a gas pilot for the purpose hereinafter described.

duct 2, and the oil duct 3, with the oil spray opening at 6.

The burner body is designed with, the

necessary openings for receiving tap screws as at 1:2, 13 and 14, andvarious lugs such Wherever needed. 1

The form of .oil burner nozzle disclosed 1n Figs. 5 and 6 may betermed-the horizontal type, having an air In operation this inventionprovides an automatic mechanical oil burner highly efficient andinexpensive. The burner'nozzl'e being made of solid meta-his practicallyfindestructible and the design and construction permits of a perfectoperation. Thenozzle may be easily designed in shape'to conform with anyangleof iire box or design of boiler,

each nozzle having its special drip-pan'for'v overflow in case ofemergency.

The con-,

struction' of the burner adapts "it for any suitable fire box, grate, orsubstitution for a grate, no part of the boiler being sealed up orfastened in any way and from theract that the nozzle is ordinarily easyoi access,

it can be regulated and adjusted for perfect mixture of oil and air,thereby assuring a complete combustion free from smoke and carbon andgeneral loss of heat to chimney. With this burner nozzle a tank heaterand heatingboiler may be operated by one equipment. I I

The three types of burners described" in this application have the sameprinciples of operation and each is made from a single 'solid'metalcasting 1n slze, shape and design for different combustion chambers.From numerous tests it has been found that this burner located on thegrate of the combustion chamber is protected by the air circulation ofthe ash pit and also protected by certain provisions in this inventionmaking the burner unit practically indestructible.

, Obviously, using oil for fuel, there is no heat generated in the ashpit. Theprotection of the operation exposed in the combustion chambercomprises in part an air duct 2,

located near'thetop of the metal body por- 'tion of the burner.

These'air ducts are devsigned ordinarily having approximate cross Isectional areas as follows:

- under ordinary conditions of v a minimum volume of 2 cubic F or therectangular type '7, cubic inches; horizontal type ll-cubic inches andperpendicular type20 cubic inches. It is estimated operation that minutewill be circulated through these air ducts. Centered between the airduct and the base of the burner is placed an oil duct proportionedapproximately to of the air duct. It is determined from tests that theair and oil give, under suitableconditions, perfect combustion whenmixed. Also, it has been found from experiments, that oil if heatedbeyond a certain temperature, will under pressure passing produce a scumwhich forms a crust or solid detrimental to elficientoperation. Thisinvention therefore, provides an air .duct as a cooling member adaptedto prevent the overfor maintaining a the burner a gas clearly disclosedin 'the Figure l at 11. The heat from the gas pilot serves the purposetureat point of discharge ready for proper combustion. V 7

The oil in this system is supplied through a tubethe minimum size ofwhich is of an inch in diameter eliminating the liability of stoppageand allowing the use of oils of low gravity. It is of course, recognizedthat when air and oil are heated they should be as near the combustionchamber as possible. In this invention,

ture are both directly inside the combustion chamber. There are a numberof advantages gained bv the use of this invention, some of neenaev ,ingany possibilityof oil duct, the manner in which the combustion feet ofair per I V the water" in the of keeping the mix- 7 the'burner and mix-7 a steady level at them may be named as follows: oil may be burned, thelarge oil duct' of an inch making it impossible for any foreign matteror substance to'lodge or choke the duct. The outflow from cated belowthe air duct, thereby preventreaching the air mixture is made,controlled, directed and fired, furnishes the most economical method foroperating oil burners at present known.

The ease of directing the location and distance of travel of the flamepermits of omitting all refractory substances such as fire brick, etc.,thereby permitting the confining of the fire to any part of thecombustion chamber or upper fiues. It is recognized that each unit ofheat expended in the ash pit is heat wasted, this invention permits thelocation of the burner on the grate, thereby making'it possible to applyoperating the control valves which are lo cated outside of heater, andnot shown in the drawings of this application, the fire travel can beregulated to any point desired. The scope of control being measured bythe inch which secures the minimum loss of heat to the chimney. Fromexperiment it has been found that by making use of the advantage derivedfrom control of the burner disclosed in this application, the flame maybe directed to the upper flues of heater thereby giving instantcirculation to portions or rooms desired to be heated, this results in aan instantaneous system which may be called heater. With the firecentered in the heater to the point or points of supply outlet, thecapacity of the heater is increased thereby 33 72). When the temperatureof upper third, of the water heater has reached approximately 140 detheoil duct is 10- the heat to the most desirable portion of any heater. By

grees, and circulated through to each unit I of the system, the water inthe bottom third part has only slightly changed temperature.

From the retort feature, a mixture of heated air and oil, and theperfect atomizing feature the combustion is ideal, in that there is nosmoke, soot, carbon or odor, Furthermore, when therautomatic controlcuts off, the burner will cut out immediately, thereby leaving noresidue mixture to slowly burn and carbonize. A further advantage ofthis invention obviously lies in the fact that the duct'described as anair duct 7 operation, in that it operates with either steam or air.

It may also be stated that the air when passing from the air spray tubeof this invention, creates a vacuum in the oil duct,

in doing so,the oil feedsto and maintains point of atomization. What Iclaim isi I An oil burner nozzle comprising a one 120, has a dual piecemetal element, an air duct near the top air duct to the oil sprayopening, meansfor of the element, an oil duct located betweenmaintaining a proper temperature on the the air duct and the base of theelement, the burner consisting of a heating element suit- 10 air ductbeing of larger cross-section than ably located in the nozzle.

'5 theoil duct, an oil spray opening suitably In testimony whereof Iafiix my signature.

located in the element, an opencommunication of small cross-sectionleading from the I T ST S WILLIAMS.

